A graph matrix is a square matrix whose size is equivalent to the number of nodes in the flow graph. Each row and column correspond to a particular node and the matrix corresponds to the connections (edges) between nodes. By adding a link weight to each matrix entry, more information about the control flow can be captured. In its simplest form, the link weight is 1 if an edge exists and 0 if it does not. But other types of link weights can be represented:1. the probability that an edge will be executed,2. the processing time expended during link traversal,3. the memory required during link traversal, or 4. the resources required during link traversal.Graph theory algorithms can be applied to these graph matrices to help in the analysis necessary to produce the basis set.
Manual testing is a type of software testing in which testers execute test cases without the use of automation tools or scripts. Instead, testers follow a series of predefined steps to verify that a software application or system functions correctly and meets its requirements. Manual testing is an essential part of the software testing process and is typically performed alongside automated testing, where applicable. Here are some key aspects of manual testing: Test Case Design : Testers create test cases based on the software's requirements, specifications, and design documents. These test cases outline the steps to be followed, the expected results, and any necessary preconditions. Test Execution: Testers manually execute the test cases by interacting with the software just like a user would. They input data, navigate through the user interface, and observe the system's behavior. Exploratory Testing: In addition to predefined test cases, manual testers often perform ex
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