Skip to main content

Manual Testing - Cause Effect Graph

A cause-effect graph is a directed graph that maps a set of causes to a set of effects. The causes may be thought of as the input to the program, and the effects may be thought of as the output. Usually the graph shows the nodes representing the causes on the left side and the nodes representing the effects on the right side. There may be intermediate nodes in between that combine inputs using logical operators such as AND and OR.
Constraints may be added to the causes and effects. These are represented as edges labelled with the constraint symbol using a dashed line. For causes, valid constraint symbols are E (exclusive?), O (one and only one?), and I (at least one?). For effects, valid constraint symbols are R (Require?) and M (Mask?). (This information needs to be verified.)

The graph's direction is as follows:
(XXX: a figure would represent this better)Causes --> intermediate nodes --> Effects It is a proven technique for effective requirements validation and test case design, cause-effect graphing is the process of transforming specifications into a graphic representation. This graphic representation depicts the functional relationships and conditions present in the requirements, illustrating how each input relates to every other input, as well as every output.

Constraints and observability of nodes also are established during this process, allowing the project team to identify potential problem areas. In developing the cause-effect graph, the test team evaluates the requirements for completeness, consistency, sufficient level of detail and lack of ambiguity, often finding defects that otherwise would not be found until integration testing.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

What is Cookie testing & Security testing???

We will first focus on what exactly cookies are and how they work. It would be easy for you to understand the test cases for testing cookies when you have clear understanding of how cookies work? How cookies stored on hard drive? And how can we edit cookie settings? Explain Cookies? Cookie is small information stored in text file on user’s hard drive by web server. This information is later used by web browser to retrieve information from that machine. Generally cookie contains personalized user data or information that is used to communicate between different web pages. Why Cookies are used? Cookies are nothing but the user’s identity and used to track where the user navigated throughout the web site pages. The communication between web browser and web server is stateless. For example if you are accessing domain http://www.example.com/1.html then web browser will simply query to example.com web server for the page 1.html. Next time if you type page as http://www.example.com/2.html the...

What is Client server testing & Web testing?

Projects are broadly divided into two types of: 2 tier applications 3 tier applications CLIENT / SERVER TESTING This type of testing usually done for 2 tier applications (usually developed for LAN)Here we will be having front-end and backend. The application launched on front-end will be having forms and reports which will be monitoring and manipulating data E.g: applications developed in VB, VC++, Core Java, C, C++, D2K, PowerBuilder etc.,The backend for these applications would be MS Access, SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, Mysql, Quadbase The tests performed on these types of applications would be- User interface testing- Manual support testing- Functionality testing- Compatibility testing & configuration testing- Intersystem testing WEB TESTING This is done for 3 tier applications (developed for Internet / intranet / xtranet)Here we will be having Browser, web server and DB server. The applications accessible in browser would be developed in HTML, DHTML, XML, JavaScript etc. (We can...

What is ISO?

ISO = 'International Organisation for Standardization' - The ISO 9001:2000 standard (which replaces the previous standard of 1994) concerns quality systems that are assessed by outside auditors, and it applies to many kinds of production and manufacturing organizations, not just software. It covers documentation, design, development, production, testing, installation, servicing, and other processes. The full set of standards consists of: (a)Q9001-2000 - Quality Management Systems: Requirements; (b)Q9000-2000 - Quality Management Systems: Fundamentals and Vocabulary; (c)Q9004-2000 - Quality Management Systems: Guidelines for Performance Improvements. To be ISO 9001 certified, a third-party auditor assesses an organization, and certification is typically good for about 3 years, after which a complete reassessment is required. Note that ISO certification does not necessarily indicate quality products - it indicates only that documented processes are followed. Also see http://www.i...