Software Testing guide

Boundary-value analysis is a variant and refinement of equivalence partitioning, with two major differences: First, rather than selecting any element in an equivalence class as being representative, elements are selected such that each edge of the EC is the subject of a test. Boundaries are always a good place to look for defects. Second, rather than focusing exclusively on input conditions, output conditions are also explored by defining output ECs. What can be output? What are the classes of output? What should I create as an input to force a useful set of classes that represent the outputs that ought to be produced? The guidelines for boundary-value analysis are: · If an input specifies a range of valid values, write test cases for the ends of the range and invalid-input test cases for conditions just beyond the ends. Example: If the input requires a real number in the range 0.0 to 90.0 degrees, then write test cases for 0.0, 90.0, -0.001, and 90.001. · If an input specifies a numb

We will first focus on what exactly cookies are and how they work. It would be easy for you to understand the test cases for testing cookies when you have clear understanding of how cookies work? How cookies stored on hard drive? And how can we edit cookie settings? Explain Cookies? Cookie is small information stored in text file on user’s hard drive by web server. This information is later used by web browser to retrieve information from that machine. Generally cookie contains personalized user data or information that is used to communicate between different web pages. Why Cookies are used? Cookies are nothing but the user’s identity and used to track where the user navigated throughout the web site pages. The communication between web browser and web server is stateless. For example if you are accessing domain http://www.example.com/1.html then web browser will simply query to example.com web server for the page 1.html. Next time if you type page as http://www.example.com/2.html the

Projects are broadly divided into two types of: 2 tier applications 3 tier applications CLIENT / SERVER TESTING This type of testing usually done for 2 tier applications (usually developed for LAN)Here we will be having front-end and backend. The application launched on front-end will be having forms and reports which will be monitoring and manipulating data E.g: applications developed in VB, VC++, Core Java, C, C++, D2K, PowerBuilder etc.,The backend for these applications would be MS Access, SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, Mysql, Quadbase The tests performed on these types of applications would be- User interface testing- Manual support testing- Functionality testing- Compatibility testing & configuration testing- Intersystem testing WEB TESTING This is done for 3 tier applications (developed for Internet / intranet / xtranet)Here we will be having Browser, web server and DB server. The applications accessible in browser would be developed in HTML, DHTML, XML, JavaScript etc. (We can

Error guessing is an ad hoc approach, based on intuition and experience, to identify tests that are considered likely to expose errors. The basic idea is to make a list of possible errors or error-prone situations and then develop tests based on the list. What are the most common error-prone situations we have seen before? Defects’ histories are useful. There is a high probability that defects that have been there in the past are the kind that are going to be there in the future. Some items to try are: · empty or null lists/strings · zero instances/occurrences · blanks or null characters in strings · negative numbers One of the studies done by Myers (1979) states that the probability of errors remaining in the program is proportional to the number of errors that have been found so far. This alone provides a rich source of focus for productive error guessing.

Load Testing and Performance Testing are commonly said as positive testing where as Stress Testing is said to be as negative testing. Say for example there is a application which can handle 25 simultaneous user logins at a time. In load testing we will test the application for 25 users and check how application is working in this stage, in performance testing we will concentrate on the time taken to perform the operation. Where as in stress testing we will test with more users than 25 and the test will continue to any number and we will check where the application is cracking the Hardware resources.

A graph matrix is a square matrix whose size is equivalent to the number of nodes in the flow graph. Each row and column correspond to a particular node and the matrix corresponds to the connections (edges) between nodes. By adding a link weight to each matrix entry, more information about the control flow can be captured. In its simplest form, the link weight is 1 if an edge exists and 0 if it does not. But other types of link weights can be represented:1. the probability that an edge will be executed,2. the processing time expended during link traversal,3. the memory required during link traversal, or 4. the resources required during link traversal.Graph theory algorithms can be applied to these graph matrices to help in the analysis necessary to produce the basis set.

A cause-effect graph is a directed graph that maps a set of causes to a set of effects. The causes may be thought of as the input to the program, and the effects may be thought of as the output. Usually the graph shows the nodes representing the causes on the left side and the nodes representing the effects on the right side. There may be intermediate nodes in between that combine inputs using logical operators such as AND and OR. Constraints may be added to the causes and effects. These are represented as edges labelled with the constraint symbol using a dashed line. For causes, valid constraint symbols are E (exclusive?), O (one and only one?), and I (at least one?). For effects, valid constraint symbols are R (Require?) and M (Mask?). (This information needs to be verified.) The graph's direction is as follows: (XXX: a figure would represent this better)Causes --> intermediate nodes --> Effects It is a proven technique for effective requirements validation and test case de