ISO = 'International Organisation for Standardization' - The ISO 9001:2000 standard (which replaces the previous standard of 1994) concerns quality systems that are assessed by outside auditors, and it applies to many kinds of production and manufacturing organizations, not just software. It covers documentation, design, development, production, testing, installation, servicing, and other processes. The full set of standards consists of: (a)Q9001-2000 - Quality Management Systems: Requirements; (b)Q9000-2000 - Quality Management Systems: Fundamentals and Vocabulary; (c)Q9004-2000 - Quality Management Systems: Guidelines for Performance Improvements. To be ISO 9001 certified, a third-party auditor assesses an organization, and certification is typically good for about 3 years, after which a complete reassessment is required. Note that ISO certification does not necessarily indicate quality products - it indicates only that documented processes are followed. Also see http://www.iso.ch/ for the latest information. In the U.S. the standards can be purchased via the ASQ web site at http://e-standards.asq.org/
Manual testing is a type of software testing in which testers execute test cases without the use of automation tools or scripts. Instead, testers follow a series of predefined steps to verify that a software application or system functions correctly and meets its requirements. Manual testing is an essential part of the software testing process and is typically performed alongside automated testing, where applicable. Here are some key aspects of manual testing: Test Case Design : Testers create test cases based on the software's requirements, specifications, and design documents. These test cases outline the steps to be followed, the expected results, and any necessary preconditions. Test Execution: Testers manually execute the test cases by interacting with the software just like a user would. They input data, navigate through the user interface, and observe the system's behavior. Exploratory Testing: In addition to predefined test cases, manual testers often perform ex
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